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We earlier reported an anomalous 50% decrease in [11C]N‐methylspiperone ([11C]NMSP) binding to dopamine D2‐like receptors in living pig striatum after challenge with 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”), suggesting either (1) a species peculiarity in the vulnerability of butyrophenone binding to competition from dopamine or (2) a novel consequence of synergistic actions of serotonin...
[11C]SL‐25.1188 [(S)‐5‐methoxymethyl‐3‐[6‐(4,4,4‐trifluorobutoxy)‐benzo[d]isoxazol‐3‐yl]‐oxazolidin‐2‐one], an oxazolidinone derivative, was characterized in baboons as a radioligand for the in vivo visualization of MAO‐B using positron emission tomography (PET). After i.v. injection, [11C]SL25.1188 presented a rapid phase of distribution in blood (about 5 min), followed by a T1/2 elimination of 85...
Contextual cues linked to drug experience have been frequently associated to craving and relapse, with this phenomenon being described in human and experimental animals. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been related to learning, memory, and adaptive processes developed during chronic administration of drug abuse. In this study, we investigated if the environmental context associated with withdrawal...
Synapse formation is a well‐programmed developmental process involving a variety of cell–cell interactions carried out by distinct groups of molecules. Various molecules that contribute to the assembly of synaptic contacts have been characterized; however, the repertoire of identified proteins expressed by postsynaptic neurons capable of inducing presynaptic differentiation is quite limited. To identify...
Activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the basal ganglia interferes with movement regulation. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) on neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this effect using single‐unit extracellular recordings in anesthetized rats. Administration of Δ9‐THC (0.25–2 mg/kg, i.v.) stimulated...
Marijuana use activates cannabinoid receptors (CB‐Rs) producing several behavioral effects related to addiction, mood, and appetite. We investigated the association between CNR2 gene, which encodes cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2‐R) and eating disorders in 204 subjects with eating disorders and 1876 healthy volunteers in Japanese population. The effect of treatment with CB2‐R ligands on mouse food consumption...
Objectives: The role of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in cocaine dependence has never been demonstrated via in vivo imaging due to the lack of suitable NET radioligands. Here we report our preliminary studies evaluting the NET in individuals with cocaine dependence (COC) in comparison to healthy controls (HC) using (S,S)‐[11C]methylreboxetine ([11C]MRB), the most promising C‐11 labeled positron‐emission...
Based on neuro‐imaging studies in cocaine‐addicted humans, it is hypothesized that increases in neural activity within several regions of the prefrontal cortex contribute to cue‐induced cocaine seeking and cocaine‐induced compulsive drug self‐administration. However, electrophysiological tests of these hypotheses are lacking. In the present study, animals were trained to self‐administer cocaine (0...
The morphology of Drosophila motor terminals changes along the day with a circadian rhythm controlled by the biological clock. Here, we used electron microscopy to investigate the size, number, and distribution of synaptic vesicles, at intervals of 6 h during 2 consecutive days, under light–dark (LD) or the first 2 days in constant darkness (DD). We found changes in the size and distribution of vesicles...
The novel neuroprotective action of Humanin (HN), especially its derivative [Gly14]‐humanin (HNG), against Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related insults has been reported. However, it is still short of electrophysiological evidence for the protection of HN on synaptic plasticity, and the molecular mechanisms that underlie the neuroprotective function of HN remain largely unknown. The present study examined...
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